Satellites traditionally rely on propulsion systems and mechanical devices to maneuver and maintain their orientation in space. Zenno Astronautics is developing another approach that uses superconducting magnets, solar power, and Earth’s magnetic field to control spacecraft without consuming fuel, tells Forbes.com.
The company’s technology, called the Supertorquer, is a compact system that can be integrated into existing satellites. It generates a magnetic field whose strength and direction can be adjusted relative to Earth’s natural magnetic field. The resulting interaction produces torque that changes a spacecraft’s orientation without burning propellant.
Magnetic attitude control is already used on satellites, but conventional systems become less effective as spacecraft move into higher orbits where Earth’s magnetic field weakens. Zenno says superconductors allow the Supertorquer to generate stronger magnetic fields, potentially extending fuel-free attitude control to higher altitudes.
The technology also has no moving parts. This solid-state design could reduce mechanical wear and extend spacecraft operating life. Saving propellant for orbital maneuvers rather than orientation could also give satellite operators greater flexibility during missions.
Zenno is preparing to demonstrate the technology aboard Portal Space Systems’ Starburst-1 spacecraft, scheduled for launch in October. The Supertorquer has already been integrated into the spacecraft and is expected to become the most powerful magnetic actuator flown in space.
The mission will also investigate another potential application: radiation protection. Powerful magnetic fields could deflect charged particles before they reach sensitive spacecraft electronics. Zenno has installed a charged-particle counter to measure the effect during the mission.
CEO and co-founder Max Arshavsky sees the technology as part of a broader shift toward electromagnetic spacecraft systems. By exploiting resources already available in space, including solar energy and planetary magnetic fields, satellites could become less dependent on consumable propellants while gaining new capabilities for control and protection.
