Nuclear fusion has long been considered the ideal energy source, offering safety, minimal waste, and abundant fuel compared to traditional nuclear fission. Yet despite decades of research, fusion remains commercially elusive. In response to growing energy demand, particularly from data centers, one startup is taking an unexpected approach: advancing fusion by first building fission reactors, tells The New York Times.
Zap Energy, a Washington-based company focused on fusion technology, has announced plans to develop a small-scale fission reactor. Rather than abandoning fusion, the company views this move as a strategic step. By working with fission, it can gain critical experience in regulatory approvals, safety standards, and commercial deployment, all of which are essential for eventual fusion power plants.
The company aims to introduce a compact, 10-megawatt fission reactor in the early 2030s. Designed for flexibility, these reactors could be manufactured in factories and deployed to locations such as remote data centers, warehouses, and military bases. Unlike conventional reactors that rely on high-pressure water cooling, Zap’s design uses liquid sodium, allowing for lower pressure operation and potentially simpler construction.
This shift reflects broader industry realities. While several fusion companies, including Commonwealth Fusion Systems and Helion Energy, are progressing toward demonstration plants, experts agree that large-scale fusion power remains years, if not decades, away. Meanwhile, demand for reliable, carbon-free electricity is rising sharply.
Zap’s approach also opens the door to hybrid systems that combine fission and fusion technologies. At the same time, the move highlights the economic pressures facing fusion startups, many of which pursue side ventures to sustain funding.
The strategy underscores a pragmatic shift in nuclear innovation. Rather than waiting for fusion breakthroughs, companies are leveraging existing technologies to meet immediate energy needs while laying the groundwork for a longer-term transition.